基于无功电流的中性点不接地系统小电流接地选线方案

针对中性点不接地系统发生单相故障后难以准确选取故障回线的问题,提出一种基于无功电流的选线方案。单相短路故障发生后的,故障相各回馈线的电流变化主要来自线路分布电容电流变化,此电流为无功电流。其中故障回线无功电流为非故障回线与故障回线无功电流变化量之和,非故障回线无功电流变化量为该回线无功电流变化量。在此基础上提出基于无功电流变化量的中性点不接地系统小电流接地选线方案。单相短路故障发生后,比较故障相各回馈线无功电流变化量,变化量最大的馈线为故障馈线。利用PSCAD电磁暂态仿真软件搭建中性点不接地系统,对配电网中的架空线路和电缆线路单相短路故障进行了仿真研究,结果表明所提方法可靠性高,有较强带过渡电阻能力,且不受线路架设方式影响。     

基于图形化编程的HVDC以太网103双网通信设计

为了实现高压直流输电（High Voltage Direct Current Transmission，缩写为HVDC）控制保护系统与保护信息子站之间快速可靠的数据交互，提出一种基于图形化编程的HVDC以太网103双网通信设计方法。该方法针对IEC60870-5-103标准定义的串口103通信进行扩展，提出以太网103双网通信方案，提高通信实时性和可靠性；此外，该方法将应用程序与底层通讯处理程序相分离，采用标准的IEC61131图形化设计语言，开发出高度封装的底层通讯处理模块与用户功能模块相融合的图形化编程方法，软件编程简单高效，系统运行及调试信息可在线监测。基于该方法在锡泰和扎青等HVDC工程的实验数据表明，该方法具有可靠性高，开发进度快，运行维护方便的特点，对于实现控制保护系统与保护信息子站快速可靠的数据交互具有重要的应用价值。     

Facile Preparation of Multifunctional WS2/WOx Nanodots for Chelator‐Free 89Zr‐Labeling and In Vivo PET Imaging

While position emission tomography (PET) is an important molecular imaging technique for both preclinical research and clinical disease diagnosis/prognosis, chelator‐free radiolabeling has emerged as a promising alternative approach to label biomolecules or nanoprobes in a facile way. Herein, starting from bottom‐up synthesized WS₂ nanoflakes, this study fabricates a unique type of WS₂/WO_x nanodots, which can function as inherent hard oxygen donor for stable radiolabeling with Zirconium‐89 isotope (⁸⁹Zr). Upon simply mixing, ⁸⁹Zr can be anchored on the surface of polyethylene glycol (PEG) modified WS₂/WO_x (WS₂/WO_x‐PEG) nanodots via a chelator‐free method with surprisingly high labeling yield and great stability. A higher degree of oxidation in the WS₂/WO_x‐PEG sample (WS₂/WO_x (0.4)) produces more electron pairs, which would be beneficial for chelator‐free labeling of ⁸⁹Zr with higher yields, suggesting the importance of surface chemistry and particle composition to the efficiency of chelator‐free radiolabeling. Such ⁸⁹Zr‐WS₂/WO_x (0.4)‐PEG nanodots are found to be an excellent PET contrast agent for in vivo imaging of tumors upon intravenous administration, or mapping of draining lymph nodes after local injection.     

The Antibacterial Applications of Graphene and Its Derivatives

Graphene materials have unique structures and outstanding thermal, optical, mechanical and electronic properties. In the last decade, these materials have attracted substantial interest in the field of nanomaterials, with applications ranging from biosensors to biomedicine. Among these applications, great advances have been made in the field of antibacterial agents. Here, recent advancements in the use of graphene and its derivatives as antibacterial agents are reviewed. Graphene is used in three forms: the pristine form; mixed with other antibacterial agents, such as Ag and chitosan; or with a base material, such as poly (N‐vinylcarbazole) (PVK) and poly (lactic acid) (PLA). The main mechanisms proposed to explain the antibacterial behaviors of graphene and its derivatives are the membrane stress hypothesis, the oxidative stress hypothesis, the entrapment hypothesis, the electron transfer hypothesis and the photothermal hypothesis. This review describes contributions to improving these promising materials for antibacterial applications.     

pH‐ and NIR Light‐Responsive Polymeric Prodrug Micelles for Hyperthermia‐Assisted Site‐Specific Chemotherapy to Reverse Drug Resistance in Cancer Treatment

Despite the exciting advances in cancer chemotherapy over past decades, drug resistance in cancer treatment remains one of the primary reasons for therapeutic failure. IR‐780 loaded pH‐responsive polymeric prodrug micelles with near infrared (NIR) photothermal effect are developed to circumvent the drug resistance in cancer treatment. The polymeric prodrug micelles are stable in physiological environment, while exhibit fast doxorubicin (DOX) release in acidic condition and significant temperature elevation under NIR laser irradiation. Phosphorylcholine‐based biomimetic micellar shell and acid‐sensitive drug conjugation endow them with prolonged circulation time and reduced premature drug release during circulation to conduct tumor site‐specific chemotherapy. The polymeric prodrug micelles combined with NIR laser irradiation could significantly enhance intracellular DOX accumulation and synergistically induce the cell apoptosis in DOX‐resistant MCF‐7/ADR cells. Meanwhile, the tumor site‐specific chemotherapy combined with hyperthermia effect induces significant inhibition of MCF‐7/ADR tumor growth in tumor‐bearing mice. These results demonstrate that the well‐designed IR‐780 loaded polymeric prodrug micelles for hyperthermia‐assisted site‐specific chemotherapy present an effective approach to reverse drug resistance.     

天井对湿热地区多层办公建筑的节能及舒适性影响

天井的设置对改善建筑的室内采光效果、降低空调能耗、提高室内舒适度有很大的影响。通过采用数值模拟的方法对湿热地区多层天井办公建筑的自然采光、空调能耗及室内舒适度进行研究,分析了不同天井尺度对改善多层建筑首层采光面积及采光距离的影响,同时对无天井建筑与不同形式的天井建筑在不同工况下的单位面积空调能耗和自然通风小时数进行分析比较,研究天井自然通风对空调节能的影响,进而通过对无空调自然通风情况下的室内平均温度分布情况进行分析,评价无天井建筑与不同形式的天井建筑室内的舒适度情况。从定量的角度研究了天井的设置对湿热地区多层办公建筑空调能耗及舒适性的影响,为建筑师在设计湿热地区多层办公建筑方面提供一定参考借鉴。     

高精度数字跟踪式压电陶瓷驱动电源设计

设计了一种数字跟踪式复合结构的压电陶瓷驱动电源。采用数字式自适应信号源,驱动高精度运放OP07和高压大电流运放PA04组成复合式放大器,通过合理的相位补偿、保护电路设计和散热计算,实现高精度低漂移的压电陶瓷驱动。     

一种高速声纳实时处理系统的设计与实现

水下声成像技术具有广泛的应用前景,日益得到人们的重视。介绍了一种二维图像声纳的数据采集、实时处理系统。讨论了系统硬件组成以及软件程序设计,使用高性能A/D、FPGA和DSP进行数据采集及实时处理,用以太网进行数据传输。可以实时处理200通道的基元数据,图像刷新率达到20 f/s,为图像声纳提供了一套可行的设计方案。     

被动微波土壤水分反演中消除植被影响的方法研究

针对被动微波反演土壤水分中,ω-τ模型忽略植被内部多次散射的局限,将光线跟踪原理的双矩阵(Matrix Doubling)算法应用到植被覆盖地区的地表辐射以及植被与地表之间多次散射问题.这种方法可以有效地弥补ω-τ模型的缺陷,但需要的参数较多且形式复杂,很难被直接应用到模拟计算和土壤水分反演中.针对这些问题,本文将基于双矩阵(Matrix Doubling)的算法进行简化,分别考虑植被内仅存在一次散射、两次散射、三次散射以及多次散射的情况.将散射矩阵和传输矩阵表达式简化,利用野外楸树林实验得到的植被参数进行模拟.结果显示当仅考虑两次散射时模拟结果与原始模型的差别已经很小.